技术

T cell activation is crucial in the immune response, encompassing the recognition of antigens and subsequent activation of T cells to execute immune functions. This process requires three signals: Signal 1 from the T cell receptor (TCR) binding to antigens presented by the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) on antigen-presenting cells (APCs), Signal 2 from co-stimulatory molecules like CD28 on T cells binding to CD80 or CD86 on APCs, and Signal 3 from cytokines that guide T cell differentiation and proliferation.

Abnova’s CD3/CD28 ActiveBeads™ mimic these natural signals to activate T cells in vitro. These beads are coated with antibodies targeting the CD3 component of the TCR complex and the co-stimulatory receptor CD28 on T cells. Binding to CD3 and CD28 provides Signals 1 and 2, prompting T cell activation, proliferation, and differentiation. The beads remain in culture, continuously supplying these activation signals and enabling the production of large numbers of activated T cells over several days to weeks. For Signal 3, Abnova offers CellTx™ Cytokines to complete T cell activation. Abnova’s CD3/CD28 ActiveBeads™ are available in Human CD3/CD28 ActiveBeads™ with humanized antibodies suitable for immunodeficient xenograft tumor models, and Mouse CD3/CD28 ActiveBeads™ with anti-mouse antibodies ideal for immunocompetent syngeneic tumor models. They are valuable tools in both human and mouse T cell research, enabling studies in tumors, autoimmune diseases, and regulatory dysfunctions.